I'm not saying this is right or wrong, but we have been able to borrow like crazy because interest rates are just super low.
First, let's just get a few things straight about the $20 trillion debt (rounded for ease of conversation).
1. Almost 1/4 of this debt is actually INTRAGOVERNMENT debt. Which means one part of the federal government (mostly social security but there are also retirement packages, etc.) has purchased treasury notes from the U.S. in cash. That's $5 trillion that's really a shell game. I mean if the government doesn't pay the interest on this money, they still pay in the end.
2. The remaining $15 trillion of debt is "Private" and mostly treasury notes and bonds. Of this about $6 trillion is owned overseas, $1 trillion by state/local governments (in their pension funds), $1.6 trillion in mutual funds, Federal Reserve owns $2.5 trillion in notes/bonds, etc.
Now in 2008, when Bush left office, we only had $5.8 trillion in total "Public" debt but because that was borrowed with pretty high interest rates (they averaged about 5-6% during the last 10 years), the government was paying (in cash) about $250 billion in interest payments per year.
When Obama came into office, he kind of worked with Janet Yellen and the Fed to low interest rates like crazy. They lowered the interest rate from 3.7% in 2008 to 1.8% in 2012. And this whole time Obama borrowed like ******* crazy. I mean, we all know the numbers. In those five years he doubled the Private debt. Almost to $12 trillion. That's literally $1 trillion of "Private" debt borrowing (on average) per year.
But do you know what all the borrowing did for our interest expenses? Nothing. In fact, interest payments WENT DOWN. We started paying $250 billion a year in interest payments, right (last year of Bush). Obama's government never, ever paid more than that through his entire Presidency. The government paid $187B, $196B, $230B, $220B, $221B, $229B, $223B and $233B as our actual interest payments during every year of Obama.
That's one of the reasons I'm so pissed at our economic recovery. The government pumped into the economy almost $8 trillion in stimulus money into our economy, they never ONCE paid more on interest every year and yet all that money only got us about 1.5% growth.
So now the shell game is really about not what we borrow but what the interest rate is. That's why what the Fed decides over the next 3 years of Trump's Presidency is so important (and could be political). Can we keep borrowing (and Trump's Presidency is forecasting LESS deficit spending than Obama ever did), without having our debt payments just go through the roof. Because we are getting to a point where our new borrowing deals are going to REPLACE old loans we have REALLY low interest rates on (like 2%). Even if we borrow the same amount of money that comes off the books, the difference in interest rates (say to 4%) could quickly double our interest payments per year from $250 billion to $500 billion by the end of Trump's first term.
And that's the threat. Not borrowing but how much we borrow vs. the interest rates the Fed is ******* around with.
When interest rates get too high we either need to make MORE REVENUE (which is what the Republicans are banking on) or SPEND LESS (also what the Republicans want to do).
There is NO democrat solution to this issue. The Hillary/Bernie solution was only viable if they continued to maintain a very slow growth economy (1%) caused by tax hikes which forced the Fed to keep interest rates super low so they could continue borrowing.